Towards a Just Green Transition: 10 Key messages for Nordic policymakers

To meet climate goals, the Nordic countries have committed to reaching net zero greenhouse gas emissions by or before 2050. While this transition is essential, it also brings significant economic and social implications for regions and communities across the Nordic Region.

This policy brief presents key insights from two research projects carried out by Nordregio between 2021 and 2025: Ensuring inclusive economic growth in the transition to a green economy (EnIGG) and Not (Just) a Green Transition (NJUST). Both projects were conducted on behalf of the Nordic Council of Ministers and examine how the green transition can be designed and implemented in a socially and regionally fair and inclusive way.

Drawing on economic modelling, survey data, stakeholder interviews, and focus group discussions, the brief outlines ten findings on public perceptions, regional disparities, job quality, and policy design. It also offers pointers to further material available in the Nordic Toolbox for a Just Green Transition, a practical resource to support policymakers in developing climate policies that are inclusive, place-sensitive, and broadly supported.

10 Key messages outlined in the policy brief include:

1. Climate worry outweighs green transition concerns across the Nordics
2. Many Nordic people expect the green transition to bring benefits
3. Climate communication should spark hope, especially among young people
4. Inclusive stakeholder engagement can improve climate policy design and public legitimacy
5. Emissions reductions are technically feasible but politically challenging
6. Perceived local and household impacts influence climate policy support
7. Survey results indicate public support for stronger climate action, even if it means higher taxes
8. Place-based policies are key to avoid deepening regional inequalities
9. Job quality and inclusive skills development are important to sustain public support
10. The Nordic Toolbox offers practical guidance for delivering a just green transition

This publication is part of the “Ensuring inclusive economic growth in the transition to a green economy (EnIGG)” project. The project analyses how the Nordic countries can accelerate the green transition towards a climate-neutral economy. Drawing from research findings in EnIGG and “Not (Just) a Green Transition (NJUST)”, the policy brief summarises ten key insights from this research, focusing on the social and economic impacts of the green transition and how to ensure that no one is left behind.